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Cremer & Wolffenstein
The Cremer & Wolffenstein architecture firm was founded in 1882 by Richard Wolffenstein (1846–1919) and Wilhelm Cremer (1854–1919) and existed up to the death of its two founders. During the so-called ''Gründerzeit'' in Berlin, the years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany at the end of 19th century, they were a prolific firm in the various aspects of architecture. As one of the largest firms in Berlin at the turn of the century,〔Page 244, Frederic Bedoire, ''The Jewish Contribution to Modern Architecture 1830–1930'' KTAV Publishing House 2004.〕 they designed residential, commercial, transportation, government, and religious buildings. They built a number of synagogues, won second place in the 1882 competition to design the Reichstag,〔Rendering of Cremer & Wolfstein's second place scheme at the German Historical Museum () retrieved 5 May 2007.〕 and were also involved in planning the Hochbahn overhead railway installation between Kreuzberg and Nollendorfplatz.〔Senate Department of Urban Development. ''Monuments in Berlin – Hochbahn.'' () retrieved 16 December 2006.〕
== Wilhelm Cremer ==
Wilhelm Albert Cremer was born on 15 November 1854 in Cologne and died 28 March 1919 in Berlin. In 1867 he passed the bricklayer master examination, a prerequisite for his longer studies from 1868 to 1875 at the ''Berliner Bauakademie''. Parallel to this education he also studied privately with August Orth. After conclusion of his studes he worked as a private architect and as a teacher at the ''Unterrichtsanstalt des Kunstgewerbemuseums Berlin'', who appointed him to professor in 1885. In 1878, at the school, he made the acquaintance of another professor Richard Wolffenstein, and in 1882 they created the architecture firm of Cremer & Wolffenstein. With Richard Wolffenstein, on 8 June 1879, he became a founding member of the ''Vereinigung Berliner Architekten'' or Union of Berlin Architects, an offshoot of private architects from the ''Architektenverein zu Berlin''. Starting in 1883 he taught additionally at the Technical University of Berlin. In 1907 he was appointed the head of the planning and building department and in 1912 ''Geheimen Baurat''.〔http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/about/dor26/material/wcremer.htm retrieved 5 May 2007.〕 Few projects of Wilhelm Cremer are known that were not work of the firm, one example is the evangelical church in Neuwied of 1880.〔http://naegelke.a.tu-berlin.de/offen/sammlung/datensatz.php?Daten=112665 retrieved 5 May 2007.〕 Although the partner in a firm that designed many synagogues, Cremer was a Christian.〔Page 67, Carol Herselle Krinsky, ''Synagogues of Europe: Architecture, History, Meaning'' Dover Publications, 1985.〕
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